Detector



v sensitive couple llliitenteil liuelte lll'ih littlilltllil) POTTER DGNLE, @IF llitlElIEtlDE,

Application tiled. ntipi-i1 6,

T0 .fi/t 1li/1.0712A it may Concern.'

Be it known that l lilAnoLo ll.. lionne, n citizen ot the llniteil titates ot .linei'iczn re siding at llleriilein Connecticut, here inrented new and useful linprovenrents in lletectorsj o' which the following isn aperitivotion.

rthisinvention, relatos to devices for moti it'ying the effects ot received electron-mg'- netio waves to produce audible signal responses.

The primary ohjeot ot my invention is to provide :i senfiitive, easily aiiljusteil unil lvn penilzihle eontzufttype liletevtor lioirmlio signaling. By evaeunting the chamber in whieh the active Contact is located, l not unl)y :iroiel the posihilitj' oit deleterious :1cti'on upon the Sensitive portionsl ot the fle-- teetor lrv moisture. (lust or fumes in the :itinosp'here, hut do :muy 'with jriiiilation which, in other Contact detectors. :litter a few Weeks or months materially reduces the sensitiveness, and which renders their aotion unreliable.

The inrention contemplates the use of :1n vzrounteil tube vontaininif two dissimilar eleitrocles which. together, constitute 1 wiorithe purpose of converting' radio'reqneney currents such as :ire receivel'l in radio telegrzlphy or rinlio telephony. Uno ot these eleutroileo` is stationary with respect to the other, und the other is ot' o granular or (livifleil material which hns non-eoliering; Charme-teristirs` and which is so plzieefl within the tnhe ne to arfl'oril :l rariuhle or adjustable contact with the other or Stationary contacto.

l have shown herein two :nlnptzitions ot lny invention, each o'l' which has its merite for various purposes.

Figure .l is :i Sifle View :intl partial longitudinal section oi one lj'orm ot (levioe ernboilying; the innnoveinents oit my invention;

Figx 2 is :i perspective View of the interior elements ot the tube of Fig. t;

Fig'. 3 is a longituilinel sectional Yiew showing another torni ot device ernhoflyingl the principles of my invention,

The tube #l may he vot ordinary glass and is preferably evacuated ouflioiently to minimize oxidatie.

The sensitiveeouple in the form shown in Figs. l and 2 consists of metallic particles 5 4 nail plugs y ,menti-rl in place or soldered togetheiz und a soenllecl crystal or normnetellie ouh--Y stance (l. rlhe particion 5 rire preteriihly of sulnstzultinl size and. muy he termed gronuleop they are also preferir-bly oit irreguhn: o` zinggulur shape. llie element G muy he any one ot the Well known maternos use/fl in eelt-reetoringj Contact (leteotoiio,w noch ai; Connnercinl silicon, gelene, iron pyrites, natural oxide of eine, ete. '.lherse elemente arey mounted in the tube between the terinil und il. The lineal or stationery motive electrodes o may omrvenii-intly ho spaced eport from the termin-fil l off "leone ot a Sleeve et gloss or other insulating mote rirzl l?.

lfor convenience in construction and mi sernhlingr eleotrii'tfil connection between the electrode 6 and the terminal 8 muy he termed or seeureol hy ineens; ol :L yieliling oontluot ingnniterial, such a loosely coinpreosecl or eruehed 11121525 of ziluninuin foil or The interior terminals 7 and En prt .i substantially t the interior oft' the tribe and are connected by means ot' conductors l2 and 12E which extend 'through the sezilecl @nils ot the tnhe itor external connections.

For convenience in lienllingi1 and une l prefer to provide an exterior protecting shell i4. which :nur loe mail@ ot transparent. glues and have enti caps l5 and iti ot ine-@teh which are connected to the coniliutors it), :nul lil. so no to 'form ready Ineens ol arie-pt ing' the derive to ordinary inse clins supports ',lhe ende ot' the tube may loe po- Sitionerl in the shell and end Cops hy means ot cement or other materiel, l?.

For oonvenience in handling' and :wijnstingi' the device n knob 18 may he provided :it one enh preferably of insulating motorini.

lt will he seen from the foregoing that, h v reason o'l: the construction end wrongeuient ot the interior partm assemble the parte` very readily' 1Within the it is possible to i Cri tube l, :is none of the parte require to he eem This ty1` e of assembling; has :in additional only stantiel ziclrantagen that the alosenee oit ee nient or other gos-absorbing or Containing material within the tube l makes it poo-- sible to more readily :incl completely emeun-te the tube and maintain a. snitelole non`- oxidizing oonclrt-onl lt shonltl loe untler Z.

etooth however, that lll elo4 not eonsicler the invention in its broader' aspects as limited to the particular construction described, eX- cept as required by the terms of the claims. The device will ordinarily be mounted on a substantially horizontalyaxis, and the adjustment lis effected by slowly rotating the tube on its axis until the particles 5 fall into such 'position as to make the most sensitive contact with the electrode 6', as indicated by the greatest response in the associated telephone or othery indica-tor.

ln the form shown in l?" the terminal plugs 20 and 2l haye their adjacent faces formed so as to provide the relatively stationary or fixed electrodes of metal, and the divided electrode is formed of such crys,

talline or non-1netallic, non-cohering material as galeria, etc. members 20 and 2l are preferably inclined so as, to provide a maximum facility of adjustment when the tube 23 and contents are rotated. c

By mounting the sens1t1ve, non-cohering couple 1n a vacuum l am able to use as the I metallic element such highly conducting;

metals as silver, ,which arecrdinarily considered unsuitable for non-cohering contact detectors on account of 'their rapid oxidation.

It should be understood that l contemplate that the detector herein described may he utilized in any suitable circuit, either with or without a battery.

l claim:

l. A detector comprising a tube, terminals mounted therein, a stationary electrode betweersaid terminals, a yielding connection between said electrode and one of saiid terminais, a glass spacer between said electrode and the other-terminal, and a finely divided electrode movable between said latter terminal and said stationary electrode.

2. A self-restoring detector comprising an evacuated tube, two terminals therein, a crystal, granular material between said crystal and one terminal and yielding material between said crystal and the other terminal.

3. A. self-restoring detector comprising an evacuated tube, two terminals therein, a crystal vconduc-tively connected lto one terminal, and granular material between said crystal and the other terminal.

49A self-restoring detector comprising tube, terminals therein, an electrode connected to one terminal, a spacing collar be tween said electrode and the other terminal and granular materiel` between said electrode and the'l other terminal.

5. A detector comprising an evacuated tube, a terminal. and a crystal thereininn insulating spacing collar between said ten minal and 'said crystal and an electrode within said collar,

6. A detector cenar/rising an evacuated tube, terminals therein, a crystal, a yufl l The active 'laces ot' the" Leiders ing connection between one of said terminals and said crystal and granulur electrodr between said crystal and the other terminal.

T. A detector comprising a tube, im minals therein, an electrode, a ooulln'f-.ssible member between said electrode und one terminal, and a. divided noucohcring electrode between said first mentioned electrode und the other terminal.

S. fr detector comprising an cvucuutcd tube, a terminal, a crystal. und u. granular metal electrode between said terminal und said crystal.

9. ik detector comprising un orucualml tube, terminals therein, a nonuuetalliiI elec trede, a granular metallic electrode bctwccu seid non-m`etallic electrode and one terminal and a crushed foil member between said non metallic: member and the other terminal.

l0, il. detector comprising an emcuntcd tube, terminals therein, a rvstul mounted between said terminals and electrically connected with one oi said terminals. a spacing member between Said crystal :md lhe other terminal and a granular metallic elec-- trede between said crystal and said other terminal.

1l. A detector comprisingA u. tube, terminals therein, an electrode, a comprcssible member between said electrode and. one terminal, a spacing member between sui d electrode and the other terminal, and a divided non-cohering electrode between said elevtrodc and said other terminal,

12. A detector comprising a tube, ter minals mounted therein, a. crystal mounted between said terminals, a crushed foil member electrically connecting said crystal with one of said terminals, u iinely divided electrode movable between said crystal and thc other terminal and spacing member bctween said latter terminal and said crystal, 'for preventing' said crystal from moviiu,r toward said terminal.

13. i' detector comprising au evacuated tube, two electrodes therein comprising;` u sensitive couple, one ot' which is non-motallic and the other of which is composed of i a series ot angular metallic. granules oi substantial size.

lll. A detector comprising a. tube, uy pair ot terminals secured therein, und :i sensitive couple mounted between said temniuals und consisting of a crystal connected to one lerminal and a series of angular metallic granules interposed between said crystal and the other termin ai.

l5. A det ctor comprising1 an ovacuulml vessel containing te 'minuls .scaled therein and electrodes electrically connected with said terminals withiiilsuid vessel. one of sah electrodes being of metal and the other oi" 4said electrodes tormimry in. coif'lmuiimi with the first mentioned electrodo i1. nonmicron phonic, rectify/ing couple capable operurtuiu 1,445- ele Without e direct current source, one of said electrodes belng relatively lnasswe and stationary end the other of seid electrodes be-s ing relatively finely divided and movable with respect to the first n'lentioned electrode.

16. A detector comprising an evacuated veseel, terminale sealed therein, electrodes within seid vessel elcctrcell)v connected with seid terminals, one of said electrodes' being metallic and tbe other being nolnmetallic and formingf in conjunction therewith :L nonmicrophonic rectifying non-cohering couple apable of operatlon Wltbo'ut a dlrect current source rone of said electrodes ,being finely drvldedv and movable Wlth respect to the other and with respect to one of the terminals.

l?. A detector comprising un evacuated tube, two contacte mounted therein constituting a rectifying couple, one of said contacts being' of granular form, a housing for said tube comprising a. shield and metallic end caps adapted to be rotatably supported to permit adjustment of the granular contact, Conductors sea-led in said tube and leading from said contacts to said end caps,

and means for supporting;r Said tube spaced apa-rt from the inner Walls-of sa-d shield.

HAROLD norme DONLE. e 

